What is progesterone?
Progesterone is a key female hormone that plays several important roles in the female reproductive system and pregnancy. Most notably, progesterone is responsible for:
- Preparing the uterus for pregnancy
- Maintaining pregnancy by supporting the developing fetus
- Regulating the menstrual cycle
Specifically, progesterone is classified as a sex hormone, or steroid hormone. It is produced mainly by the corpus luteum in the ovaries during the second half of the menstrual cycle and by the placenta during pregnancy.
Some key facts about progesterone include:
- It causes the endometrium (uterine lining) to thicken to prepare for implantation of a fertilized egg
- It helps maintain pregnancy by increasing blood flow to the uterus and preventing contraction of the uterine smooth muscle
- It helps develop breast tissue during pregnancy
- It balances and opposes the effects of estrogen in the body
During the menstrual cycle, progesterone levels rise after ovulation, peak during the luteal phase, and then drop sharply prior to menstruation if no pregnancy occurs. This triggers shedding of the uterine lining and the start of a new cycle.
If pregnancy does occur, the corpus luteum continues producing high levels of progesterone for the first 10-12 weeks until the placenta takes over. Progesterone levels remain elevated throughout pregnancy and then fall sharply after childbirth.
Some key benefits of optimal progesterone levels include:
- Healthy fertility and pregnancy
- Regular, predictable menstrual cycles
- Balanced mood and emotions
- Restful sleep
- Bone health
In summary, progesterone is an integral reproductive hormone with wide-ranging impacts on female health. Maintaining adequate but not excessive levels is key for fertility, pregnancy, and overall well-being. If you have any other questions, please consult with the professionals at Vitality Medical Clinic.